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¡¡¡¡The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.

¡¡¡¡"Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food," said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more tensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. "

¡¡¡¡However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented (·¢½ÍµÄ), milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced.

¡¡¡¡Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.

¡¡¡¡36 John Hayes pointed out that __________.

¡¡¡¡A food with less salt tastes better.

¡¡¡¡B many people never eat low-salt food.

¡¡¡¡C many people make efforts to accept low-salt food.

¡¡¡¡D it is good to health to eat food without salt.

¡¡¡¡37 The fourth paragraph briefly describes______?

¡¡¡¡A why the number of subjects was limited to 87.

¡¡¡¡B why more male subjects were chosen than female ones.

¡¡¡¡C how salty foods were made and distributed to the subjects in the research.

¡¡¡¡D how the subjects were selected and what they were asked to do.

¡¡¡¡38 It is true that ________.

¡¡¡¡A nontasters like to share salty cheese with supertasters.

¡¡¡¡B supertasters like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.

¡¡¡¡C nontasters consume more salt because they like intense tastes.

¡¡¡¡D supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness.

¡¡¡¡39 Supertasters prefer high-salt cheese because ________.

¡¡¡¡A it is good to health.

¡¡¡¡B it tastes less bitter.

¡¡¡¡C it is rich in nutrition.

¡¡¡¡D it has intense bitter tastes.

¡¡¡¡40 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that taste acuity is ________.

¡¡¡¡A genetically determined.

¡¡¡¡B identified with certain chemicals.

¡¡¡¡C developed over time after birth.

¡¡¡¡D related to one's eye and hair color.

¡¡¡¡µÚÈýƪ Calculating Crime

¡¡¡¡When you think about math, you probably don't think about breaking the law, solving mysteries or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find criminals.

¡¡¡¡People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal £¨½Òʾ£© the identity of the criminal. It's long been believed, for example, that criminals will break the law closer to where they live, simply because it's easier to get around in their own neighborhood. If police see a pattern of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it is that the same criminal did it.

¡¡¡¡But Mike O'Leary, a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland, says that this kind of approach may be too simple. He says that police may get better clues to the location of an offender's home base by combining these patterns with a city's layout and historical crime records.

¡¡¡¡The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets - that is, the kind of stores that might be less difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections (Ê®×Ö·¿Ú) are. O'Leary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city. His program also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminal's patterns change with age. (It's been shown, for example, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime.)

¡¡¡¡Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but O'Leary's uses more math. The mathematician plans to make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the country.

¡¡¡¡The program is just one way to use math to fight crime. O'Leary says that criminology - the study of crime and criminals - contains a lot of good math problems. "I feel like I'm in a gold mine and I'm the only one who knows what gold looks like," he says. "It's a lot of fun."

¡¡¡¡41 Which of the following statements about math is true?

¡¡¡¡A It is too difficult for the police to use in finding criminals.

¡¡¡¡B Few people associate it with finding criminals.

¡¡¡¡C Some criminals make use of it when committing crimes.

¡¡¡¡D it has long been employed in solving crimes.

¡¡¡¡42 People tend to think there is a relationship between

¡¡¡¡A the time of a crime and the age of the criminal.

¡¡¡¡B the type of a crime and the identity of the criminal.

¡¡¡¡C the pattern of a crime and the equipment of the criminal.

¡¡¡¡D the location of a crime and the residence of the criminal.

¡¡¡¡43 O'Leary includes all the following information in writing his program EXCEPT

¡¡¡¡A the records of past crimes.

¡¡¡¡B the locations of police bureaus.

¡¡¡¡C the people living in the city.

¡¡¡¡D the change of a criminal's patterns with age.

¡¡¡¡44 O'Leary's program is different from other similar software in that

¡¡¡¡A it is inexpensive.

¡¡¡¡B it uses more math.

¡¡¡¡C it is more user-friendly.

¡¡¡¡D it is available all over the world.

¡¡¡¡45 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that O'Leary

¡¡¡¡A will develop programs for other governmental departments.

¡¡¡¡B is going to use math in looking for gold.

¡¡¡¡C thinks it's interesting to learn math.

¡¡¡¡D will further use math in studying crimes and criminals.

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¡¡¡¡Mt. Desert Island

¡¡¡¡The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline.____(46) At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier (±ù´¨)descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.

¡¡¡¡As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons (ÏÌË®ºþ).The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. ____(47) Marine fossils found here 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.

¡¡¡¡The 2,500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands.____(48)

¡¡¡¡For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate (δø) and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach, inland, and alpine (¸ßɽµÄ) plants.____(49) The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.

¡¡¡¡The best view on Mt. Desert island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain.___(50)From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by retreating glacier.